to characterize both monastic and secular life—and man became more and more clever in analyzing his ego. Man turned in on himself, infatuated and absorbed by the question not of when God will send deliverance in the history of salvation, but how God is working in the innermost individual soul. The Black Plague, the Black Death, added pressure, and in the piety of the late Middle Ages there were many honest souls. We should not picture this piety only as running around shopping for indulgences and